Path-goal Theory
Path-goal theory is half leadership, half motivational theory. It was developed to explain how leaders motivate their followers toward a determined end. It is derived from expectancy theory, which argued that employees will be motivated if they believe that a) putting in more effort will yield better job performance b) better job performance will lead to rewards, such as an increase in salary or benefits and c) these rewards are valued by the employee in question.
According to path-goal theory, leaders help followers be selecting a style of leadership (directive, supportive, participative or achievement-oriented) that motivates followers and helps them move toward the desired reward. In essence, followers are on a path toward a goal, and leaders are there to help followers reach that goal through guidance, coaching and direction. Path-goal theory is a contingency theory, in that it predicts how leaders style will interact with follower needs and the nature of the task. It argues directive leadership for ambiguous tasks, supportive leadership for repetitive tasks, participative leadership for unclear, autonomous task and achievement-oriented leadership for challenging tasks.
Useful Lies
Path-goal theory provides leaders with a practical yet theoretical foundation for discerning which leadership style to select. It also builds on a motivational theory as its foundation. However, path-goal theory is difficult to apply to organizations because it utilizes so many, interconnected assumptions. Despite building upon a motivational theory, path-goal theory does not fully explain how leadership styles affect follower motivation, which is one of many reasons why it lacks a strong research supporting its claims.
- Intro to Leadership Theory
- Why Theory
- A Word on Theory
- Trait Theory
- Skills Theory
- Style Theory
- Contingency Theory
- Situational Leadership Theory
- Path-Goal Theory
- Leader-Member Exchange Theory
- Transformational/Transactional Leadership Theory
- Servant Leadership Theory
- Strengths-Based Leadership Theory
Tags: Leadership, path-goal, Theory
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